初步测试了一下，构建没问题。

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+ARG BASE_TAG=latest
+
+FROM jenkins/inbound-agent:${BASE_TAG}
+
+USER root
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    ca-certificates \
+    curl \
+    gnupg \
+    lsb-release && \
+    mkdir -m 0755 -p /etc/apt/keyrings && curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
+RUN echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null 
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y docker-ce-cli docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
+
+USER jenkins
+